In 1821, mexico’s independence was declared by Agustin de Iturbide. Hhe and his army marched into the city. Iturbide tried to keep as much of the old order as possible but he soon had to change things and Mexico was declared a republic in 1824. Mexico City was then declared as its capital. The mexican Federal District was established by the new government and by the signing of their new constitution. The concept of a Mexico’s new federal district was adapted from the American constitution. Texcoco and then Toluca became the capital of the state of Mexico. American forces marched toward Mexico City itself after capturing Veracruz during the American war. The invasion culminated with the storming of Chapultepec Castle in the city itself. The treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was signed in what is now the far north of the city.
Events such as the Reform War left the city relatively untouched and it continued to grow, especially during the rule of President Porfirio Díaz. During this time, the city developed modern infrastructure, such as roads, schools, transportation, and communication systems. However, he concentrated resources and wealth into the city, the rest in poverty. This led to Mexican revolution that forced Porfirio to resign.